III. The Fire Sermon RfiresermonThe Fire Sermon The Fire Sermon was preached by the Buddha against the fires of lust and other passions that destroy people and prevent their regeneration. reference topics Kassapa The Fire Worshipper Matthew 5-7, The Sermon on the Mount back to "The Waste Lan…Click for the full annotation →The
river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leaf
Clutch and sink into the wet bank. The wind
Crosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.
Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song. RSweet ThamesSweet Thames ... V. Spenser, Prothalamion . [Eliot's note] Eliot's line is the refrain from Spenser's marriage song, which is also set by the Thames in London - but a very different Thames from the modern littered river (NA). reference topics Spenser, Prothala…Click for the full annotation →
The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,
Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends
Or other testimony of summer nights. The nymphs are
departed.
And their friends, the loitering heirs of City directors;
Departed, have left no addresses.
By the waters of Leman I sat
down and wept... RSjabloonBy the waters ... Cf. Psalms 137.1, in which the exiled Hebrews mourn for their homeland: "By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion." (NA) reference topics back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song,
Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long.
But at my back in a cold blast I hear RbutatmybackBut at my back ... An ironic distortion of Andrew Marvell's "To His Coy Mistress", lines 21-22: "But at my back I always hear/ Time's wingèd chariots hurrying near. Cf. also l. 196 (NA) reference topics Andrew Marvell , "To His Coy Mistress" back to "The Waste…Click for the full annotation →
The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to
ear.
A rat crept softly through the vegetation
Dragging its slimy belly on the bank
While I was fishing in the dull canal
On a winter evening round behind the gashouse
Musing upon the king my brother's wreck
And on the king my father's death before him. Ron the kingAnd on the King ... Cf. The Tempest , I, ii. [Eliot's note] This is one of many references to Shakespeare's play. Again it is implied that Ferdinand is speaking these lines, and here refers to his relatives that he thinks have drowned. reference topics Shakesp…Click for the full annotation →
White bodies naked on the low damp ground
And bones cast in a little low dry garret,
Rattled by the rat's foot only, year to year.
But at my back from time to time I hear RBut at my backBut at my back ... Cf. Marvell, To His Coy Mistress. [Eliot's note] Cf. also line 186. reference topics To His Coy Mistress back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
The sound of horns and motors, which shall bring
Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring. Rthe sound ofThe sound of ... Cf. Day, Parliament of Bees: 'When of the sudden, listening, you shall hear, 'A noise of horns and hunting, which shall bring 'Acteaon to Diana in the spring, 'Where all shall see her naked skin...' [Eliot's note] In the Greek myth, Actaeon wa…Click for the full annotation →
O the moon shone bright on Mrs. Porter
And on her daughter
They wash their feet in soda water RThey wash theirThey wash their ... I do not know the origin of the ballad from which these lines are taken: it was reported to me from Sydney, Australia. [Eliot's note] One of the less bawdy versions of the song, which was popular among Australian troops in World War I, went…Click for the full annotation →
Et O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la coupole! T REt O cesEt O ces ... V. Verlaine, Parsifal . [Eliot's note] Verlaine's sonnet describes Parsifal, the questing knight, resisting all sensual temptations to keep himself pure for the Grail; Wagner's Parsifal had his feet washed before entering the castle of the Grail. …Click for the full annotation →
Twit twit twit
Jug jug jug jug jug jug
So rudely forc'd.
TerueTereuTereu ... Latin vocative from of Tereus, who "rudely forc'd" Philomela; it was also one of the conventional words for a nightingale's song in Elizabethan poetry. Cf. the song from John Lyly's Alexander and Campaspe (1564): Oh, 'tis the ravished nightingale. Ju…Click for the full annotation →
Unreal City
Under the brown fog of a winter noon
Mr. Eugenides, the SmyrnaSmyrnaSmyrna. Seaport in western Turkey; here associated with Carthage and the ancient Phoenician and Syrian merchants (unlike those of modern Smyrna), who spread the old mystery cults. The sort of cult spread by Mr. Eugenides is indicated by his suggestion of "a we…Click for the full annotation →
merchant
Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants
C.i.f. London: documents at sight, RC.i.f.C.i.f. ... The currants were quoted at a price 'cost insurance and freight to London'; and the Bill of Lading, etc., were to be handed to the buyer upon payment of the sight draft. [Eliot's note] back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
Asked me in demotic French
To luncheon at the Cannon Street
HotelCannon Street HotelCannon Street Hotel Located near the station that was then chief terminus for travelers to the Continent, hence a favourite meeting place for businesspeople going or coming from abroad. (NA) back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
Followed by a weekend at the Metropole.
At the violet hour, when the eyes and back
Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits
Like a taxi throbbing waiting,
I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives, RTiresiasTiresias Tiresias is a man from Greek mythology who for seven years changed sex, after he struck two intertwined snakes. He is known for being a seer and occurs in many classical texts. In Ovid's Metamorphoses he is asked whether men or women experience more p…Click for the full annotation →
Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see
At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives
Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea, Rbrings the sailorbrings the sailor ... This may not appear as exact as Sappho's lines, but I had in mind the 'longshore' or 'dory' fisherman, who returns at nightfall. [Eliot's note] Sappho's poem addressed Hesperus, the evening star, as the star that brings everyone home from…Click for the full annotation →
The typist home at teatime, clears her breakfast, lights
Her stove, and lays out food in tins.
Out of the window perilously spread
Her drying combinations touched by the sun's last rays,
On the divan are piled (at night by her bed)
Stockings, slippers, camisoles, and stays.
I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs
Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest--
I too awaited the expected guest.
He, the young man carbuncular,
arrives,
A small house agent's clerk, with one bold stare,
One of the low on whom assurance sits
As a silk hat on a BradfordBradfordBradford Either the Yorkshire woolen manufacturing town, where many fortunes were made in World War I, or the pioneer oil town of Bradford, Pennsylvania, the home of one of Eliot's wealthy Harvard contemporaries, T.E. Hanley. reference topics back to "The Wast…Click for the full annotation →
millionaire.
The time is now propitious, as he guesses,
The meal is ended, she is bored and tired,
Endeavors to engage her in caresses
Which still are unreproved, if undesired.
Flushed and decided, he assaults at once;
Exploring hands encounter no defense;
His vanity requires no response,
And makes a welcome of indifference.
(And I Tiresias have foresuffered all
Enacted on this same divan or bed;
I who have sat by Thebes below the wall Rbrings the sailorbrings the sailor ... This may not appear as exact as Sappho's lines, but I had in mind the 'longshore' or 'dory' fisherman, who returns at nightfall. [Eliot's note] Sappho's poem addressed Hesperus, the evening star, as the star that brings everyone home from…Click for the full annotation →
And walked among the lowest of the dead.)
Bestows one final patronizing kiss,
And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit...
She turns and looks a moment in the glass,
Hardly aware of her departed lover;
Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass:
"Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's over."
When lovely woman stoops to folly and RWhen lovely womanWhen lovely woman ... V. Goldsmith, the song in The Vicar of Wakefield. [Eliot's note] Olivia, a character in Oliver Goldsmith's novel, sings the following song when she returns to the place where she was seduced: When lovely woman stoops to folly And finds to…Click for the full annotation →
Paces about her room again, alone,
She smoothes her hair with automatic hand,
And puts a record on the gramophone.
"This music crept by me upon the waters"
RThis music creptThis music crept ... V. The Tempest , as above. [Eliot's note] Cf. line 48. The line is from Ferdinand's speech, continuing after "weeping again the King my father's wrack." Shakespeare, The Tempest back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street.
O City city, I can sometimes hear
Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street,
The pleasant whining of a mandolin
And a clatter and a chatter from within
Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls
Of Magnus Martyr I hold RMagnus MartyrOf Magnus Martyr ... The interior of St. Magnus Martyr is to my mind one of the finest among Wren's interiors. See The Proposed Demolition of Nineteen City Churches : (P.S. King & Son, Ltd.). [Eliot's note] In these lines, the "pleasant" music, the "fishmen" r…Click for the full annotation →
Inexplicable splendor of Ionian white and gold.
The river sweats RThe river sweatsThe river sweats ... The Song of the (three) Thames-daughters begins here. From line 292 to 306 inclusive they speak in turn. V. Götterdämmerung , III, i: the Rhine Daughters. [Eliot's note] Eliot parallel's the Thames-daughters with the Rhine-maidens in Wagne…Click for the full annotation →
Oil and tar
The barges drift
With the turning tide
Red sails
Wide
To leeward, swing on the heavy spar.
The barges wash
Drifting logs
Down Greenwich reach
Past the Isle of Dogs.
Weialala leia
Wallala leialala
Elizabeth and Leicester RElizabeth and LeicesterElizabeth and Leicester V. Froude, Elizabeth , Vol. I, ch. iv, letter of De Quadra to Philip of Spain: "In the afternoon we were in a barge, watching the games on the river (The Queen) was alone with Lord Robert and myself on the poop, when they began to talk …Click for the full annotation →
Beating oars
The stern was formed
A gilded shell
Red and gold
The brisk swell
Rippled both shores
Southwest wind
Carried down stream
The peal of bells
White towers
Weialala leia
Wallala leialala
"Trams and dusty trees.
Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew RHighbury bore meHighbury bore me ... Cf. Purgatorio , V. 133: "Ricorditi di me, che son la Pia; Siena mi fe', disfecemi Maremma." [Eliot's note] Highbury : aresidential London suburb; Richmond : a pleasant part of London westward up the Thames, with boating and riverside hote…Click for the full annotation →
Undid me. By Richmond I raised my knees
Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe."
"My feet are at Moorgate,
and my heart
Under my feet. After the event
He wept. He promised a new start.'
I made no comment. What should I resent?"
"On MargateMargateMargate Popular seaside resort on Thames estuary. Eliot and his wife spent a month here in 1921 (see Peter Ackroyd, T.S. Eliot , page 114-5) reference topics back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation → Sands.
I can connect
Nothing with Nothing.
The broken fingernails of dirty hands.
My people humble people who expect
Nothing."
la la
To Carthage then I came RTo Carthage thenTo Carthage then ... V. St. Augustine's Confessions : 'to Carthage then I came, where a cauldron of unholy loves sang all about mine ears.' [Eliot's note] The passage from the Confessions quoted here occurs in St. Augustine's account of his youthful life of lu…Click for the full annotation →
Burning burning burning burning RBurning burningBurning burning burning ... The complete text of the Buddha's Fire Sermon (which corresponds in importance to the Sermon on the Mount) from which these words are taken, will be found translated in the late Henry Clarke Warren's Buddhism in Translation (Harvard…Click for the full annotation →
O Lord Thou pluckest me out RO lord thou pluckestO lord thou pluckest ... From St. Augustine's Confessions again. The collocation of these two representatives of eastern and western asceticism, as the culmination of this part of the poem, is not an accident. [Eliot's note] back to "The Waste Land"Click for the full annotation →
O Lord Thou pluckest
burning
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